MB0048-Operations Research

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Master of Business Administration - MBA Semester 2

MB0048-Operations Research-4 Credits

(Book ID: B1631)

Assignment (60 Marks)

Note: Answer all questions within 300 to 400 words each. Each Question carries 10 marks 6 X 10=60

Q1. Describe the framework of Operations Research.

Ø  List the seven stages of Operations Research

Ø  Briefly explain seven stages of Operations Research

Answer. a) The basic dominant characteristic feature of operations research is that it employs mathematical representations or models to analyze problems. This distinct approach represents an adaptation of the scientific methodology used by the physical sciences. The scientific method translates a real given problem into a mathematical representation which is solved and retransformed into the original

Q2. a. Explain the graphical method of solving Linear Programming Problem.

b. A paper mill produces two grades of paper viz., X and Y. Because of raw material restrictions, it cannot produce more than 400 tons of grade X paper and 300 tons of grade Y paper in a week. There are 160 production hours in a week. It requires 0.20 and 0.40 hours to produce a ton of grade X and Y papers. The mill earns a profit of Rs. 200 and Rs. 500 per ton of grade X and Y paper respectively. Formulate this as a Linear Programming Problem.

Ø  Explain the concept of linear programming

Ø  Describe the graphical method of solving Linear Programming Problem

Ø  Frame/formulate the LPP (Objective function & Constraints)

Answer. a) Linear programming (LP or linear optimization) is a mathematical method for determining a way to achieve the best outcome (such as maximum profit or lowest cost) in a given mathematical model for some list of requirements represented as linear relationships. The procedure for

Q3. a. Explain some of the important terms of the transportation problem.

b. Explain the procedure of MODI method of finding solution through optimality test.

Ø  List and briefly explain some of the important terms of the transportation problem

Ø  Describe the procedure of MODI method.

Answer. a) Degeneracy in transportation problem

If the basic feasible solution of a transportation problem with m origins and n destinations has fewer than m + n – 1 positive (occupied cells), the problem is said to be a degenerate transportation problem.

Q4. a. Explain the steps involved in Hungarian method of solving Assignment problems.

b. Find an optimal solution to an assignment problem with the following cost matrix:

	J1	J2	J3	J4
M1	10	9	7	8
M2	5	8	7	7
M3	5	4	6	5
M4	2	3	4	5

Ø  List the steps in Hungarian method

Ø  Solve/ Compute the solution to the problem

Answer. a). Hungarian method algorithm is based on the concept of opportunity cost and is more efficient in solving assignment problems. Adopt the following steps mentioned below to solve an AP using the Hungarian method algorithm:

Q5. a. Explain Monte Carlo Simulation.

b. Hindustan Bakery is popular for its delicious fruit cakes. The table below shows the daily demand for the bakery’s cakes.

Daily Demand	0	15	25	35	45	50
Probability	0.01	0.15	0.2	0.5	0.12	0.02

Simulate the demand for cakes for 10 days using the following sequence of random numbers:

22, 26, 48, 53, 93, 89, 42, 91, 25, 20

If 35 cakes are baked every day in Hindustan Bakery, determine the inventory stock. In addition, estimate the daily average demand for cakes on the basis of simulated data.

Ø  Explain what is Monte Carlo Simulation and list the steps of of Monte Carlo Simulation

Ø  Solve/ Compute the solution to the problem

Answer. a). Monte Carlo simulation is a computerized mathematical technique that allows people to account for risk in quantitative analysis and decision making. The technique is used by professionals in such widely disparate fields as finance, project management, energy, manufacturing, engineering, research and development, insurance, oil & gas, transportation, and the environment.

Q6. a. State the assumptions of game theory.

b. What are the characteristics of Markov chain?

c. What are the rules for prioritizing jobs?

Answer. a. In game theory one usually makes the following assumptions:

(1) Each decision maker ["PLAYER"] has available to him two or more well-specified choices or sequences of choices (called "PLAYS").
(2) Every possible combination of plays available to the players leads to a well-defined end-state (win, loss, or draw) that terminates the game.

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MB0047-Management Information Systems

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Master of Business Administration - MBA Semester 2

MB0047-Management Information Systems-4 Credits

(Book ID: B1968)

Assignment (60 Marks)

Note: Answer all questions within 300 to 400 words each. Each Question carries 10 marks 6 X 10=60

Q1. Explain some of the essential features of modern organisation.

Ø  Listing the features and explaining each of them in brief.

Answer. An organization, by its most basic definition, is an assembly of people working together to achieve common objectives through a division of labor. An organization provides a means of using individual strengths within a group to achieve more than can be accomplished by the aggregate efforts of group members working individually. Business organizations are formed to deliver goods or services to consumers in such a manner that they can realize a profit at the conclusion of the transaction.

Q2. a. Explain First-order and second-order effects

b. Distinguish between hierarchy and matrix organisational structures

Answer. a. Every action has a consequence, and each consequence has another consequence. These are called Second-Order Effects. Every change you make to a system will have Second-Order Effects, which may affect the system’s functionality. Be careful when making changes, they may have the opposite effect of what you aimed for.

Q3. How to use information system to support competitive strategy? With an example explain each strategy.

Ø  5 strategy and use of information system

Ø  Examples for each of the strategy

Answer. 1. The Role of IS in Value Chain Analysis

IS competitive advantage in VCA:-

a. Internet link with suppliers, dealers

Q4. Briefly explain the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system. What are the various facilities created by CRM?

Ø  Explaining CRM Systems

Ø  Examples of various facilities created by CRM

Answer. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is a strategy for managing all your company’s relationships and interactions with your customers and potential customers. It helps you improve your profitability.

Q5. Briefly explain the different aspects of the need for database systems.

Ø  Explaining any eight aspects of the need for database systems

Answer. Database Management Systems

A Database is a collection of records. Database management systems are designed as the means of managing all the records. Database Management is a software system that uses a standard method and running queries with some of them designed for the oversight and proper control of databases.

Q6. Write short notes on

a. Centralised IT management

b. Decentralized IT management

Answer. a. Centralization is said to be a process where the concentration of decision making is in a few hands. All the important decision and actions at the lower level, all subjects and actions at the lower level are subject to the approval of top management. According to Allen, “Centralization” is the systematic and consistent reservation of authority at central points in the organization. The implication of centralization can be:-

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MB0046-Marketing Management

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Master of Business Administration - MBA Semester 2

MB0046-Marketing Management-4 Credits

(Book ID: B1629)

Assignment (60 Marks)

Note: Answer all questions within 400 words each. Each Question carries 10 marks 6 X 10=60

Q1. Explain the steps in Business Buying process.

Ø  Characteristics of Organisational Buyer

Ø  Steps in business buying process

Answer. Organizational buyers come in several forms.  Resellers involve either wholesalers or retailers that buy from one organization and resell to some other entity.  For example, large grocery chains sometimes buy products directly from the manufacturer and resell them to end-consumers.  Wholesalers may sell to retailers who in turn sell to consumers.  Producers also buy products from sub-manufacturers to create a finished product. For example, rather than manufacturing the parts themselves

Q2. A brand is a composite set of beliefs and associations in the mind of consumers. In brand development, as a part of branding strategy decision, the brand manager can decide to create new brand elements for the new products, apply some of the existing brand elements to the new product, or use a combination of existing and new brand elements to the existing and new products. Explain the different branding strategies used by the companies for their range of products.

Ø  Definition of Brand 

Ø  Advantages of Brand 

Ø  Explanation of different branding strategies adopted by companies

Answer. Definition of Brand

Unique design, sign, symbol, words, or a combination of these, employed in creating an image that identifies a product and differentiates it from its competitors. Over time, this image becomes associated with a level of credibility, quality, and satisfaction in the consumer's mind (see positioning). Thus brands help harried consumers in crowded and complex marketplace, by standing for certain benefits and

Q3. Explain the classification of market based on nature of Competition and area.

Ø  Definition of market

Ø  Classification of market based on nature of Competition and area

Answer. Definition of Market: Market is a medium that allows buyers and sellers of a specific good or service to interact in order to facilitate an exchange. The price that individuals pay during the transaction may be determined by a number of factors, but price is often determined by the forces of supply and demand. Thus, market may be defined as a set of consumers, potential consumers, past consumers, sellers,

Q4. Personal selling focuses in on ‘personal’ or ‘one to one’ selling. It involves an individual salesman or a sales team establishing and building a profitable relationship with customers over a period of time through a series of steps. Explain the steps in the personal selling process which helps in the successful sales.

Ø  Definition of Personal Selling

Ø  Explanation of steps in the Personal selling process

Answer. Definition of Personal Selling:

Personal selling is an activity which involves a face-to-face interaction with the customers wherein there is a quick response and personal confrontation. This allows for more specific adjustment of the message. Here, the communication message can be adjusted as per the customer’s specific needs or wants. It offers you the opportunity to develop long-term familiarity and relationship.

Q5. Describe the stages in consumer decision making process.

Ø  Explanation of the stages in consumer decision making process

Answer. Awareness

The process begins when a company identifies a need for a purchase. It may want to replace an existing item, replenish stocks or buy a new product that is just available on the market. You can also stimulate a need that the company may not be aware of by advising them of issues and challenges that other companies in their industry face. The buying team next works with the requesting department to firm up on the requirement.

Q6. Do you think the argument of some theorists that the traditional Ps are not enough for services marketing? Give suitable examples to prove your point.

Ø  Define Service Marketing

Ø  Explanation of 4p’s

Ø  Explanation of Additional 3 p’s

Answer. Service marketing constitutes a strategic area, which has propelled growth and success for many organisations. Pure services and products are hypothetical extremes as every product today is associated with some level of service.

Ø  itself.

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MB0045-Financial Management

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Master of Business Administration - MBA Semester 2

MB0045-Financial Management-4 Credits

(Book ID: B1628)

Assignment (60 Marks)

Note: Answer all questions within 400 words each. Each Question carries 10 marks 6 X 10=60

Q1. Capitalisation of a firm refers to the composition of its long –term funds debt and equity. Discuss the theories of capitalization.

Ø  Explain each theory of capitalisation

Answer. The two theories of capitalization are:-

1. Cost theory

2. Earnings theory

Q2. a. The share of Megha Ltd is sold at Rs 500 a share. The dividend likely to be declared by the company after one year is Rs 25 per share. Hence, the price after one year is expected to be Rs 550. What is the return at the end of the year on the basis of likely dividend and price per share?

b. A bond of face value of Rs 1000 and a maturity of 3 years pays 15% interest annually. What is the market price of the bond if YTM is also 15 %.

Answer.

Q3. Discuss the sources of capital of a company. Analyse the factors that affect the capital structure.

Ø  Sources

Ø  Factors that affect the capital structure

Answer.  Sources of capital of a company:-

Retained earnings: This source is available only to pre existing businesses. Profits re-invested as retained earnings otherwise would have been paid dividends. This is a good option as this avoids for payment in cash. This is an attractive source of fund as the new ventures could be taken without involvement of

Q4. A project costs Rs 50,000. It is expected to generate cash inflows as shown in table. If the risk free rate is 10%, compute NPV.

YEAR	CASH INFLOWS	CERTAINITY EQUIVALENT
1	32000	0.9
2	27000	0.6
3	20000	0.5
4	10000	0.3

Ø  Compute NPV

Answer. Calculation of riskless cash flows:

Q5. Annual demand of a company is 30,000 units. The ordering cost per order is Rs 20 (fixed) along with a carrying cost of Rs 10 per unit per annum. The purchase cost per unit i.e., price per unit is Rs 32 per unit. Determine EOQ, total number of orders in a year and the time gap between two orders.

Ø  EOQ

Ø  total number of orders in a year and

Ø  The time gap between two orders.

Answer. a.        

Q6. Discuss the dividend policy of Dabur India Ltd for the last three years.

Ø  Analyse the dividend policy of Dabur India Ltd. For three years

Ø  Comment on dividend policy

Answer. 1. Dividend shall be declared or paid only out of:

i) Current Year’s profit

a) After providing for depreciation in accordance with law

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MB0044-Production and Operation Management

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Master of Business Administration - MBA Semester 2

MB0044-Production and Operation Management-4 Credits

(Book ID: B1627)

Assignment (60 Marks)

Note: Answer all questions must be written within 300 to 400 words each. Each Question carries 10 marks 6 X 10=60.

Q1. What is value engineering? List the main benefits of value engineering?

Ø  Definition and explanation of Value Engineering (VE)

Ø  Listing of the main benefits (any four)

Answer. The concept of value engineering originated during the Second World War was developed by the General Electric Corporations (GEC). Value Engineering has gained popularity due to its potential for gaining high Returns on Investment (ROI). This methodology is widely used in business re-engineering, government projects, automakers, transportation and distribution, industrial equipment, construction, assembling and machining processes, health care and environmental engineering, and many others. Value engineering process calls for a deep study of a product and the purpose for which it is used, such as, the raw materials used; the processes of transformation;

Q2. Case study: SABMiller revamps supply chain management

SABMiller, the $24bn global brewing giant, is revamping its supply chain management system to reduce stock-outs caused by an increasingly complex and hard to predict market. The firm is developing and testing the new system in South Africa with an eye on rolling it out to group companies worldwide, says SABMiller programme manager Rudi van Schoor.

"Our brands are the same as any other brand, especially those at the luxury end," says Van Schoor. "If the customer comes into the shop and can't find our product, he or she has the disposable income and self-confidence to substitute our brand for our competitors'. That's dangerous."

Van Scoor says the group has an average stock availability target of 98%. "But for some premium brands the target is 100%," he says. That means it will live with excess stocks of some products, just to ensure that a thirsty customer can get his or her favourite drink, every time.

 (Source:http://www.computerweekly.com/feature/Case-study-SABMiller-revamps-supply-chainmanagement)

Why did SABMiller revamp its supply chain? Describe the domain application used for SCM integration?

Ø  Analysis of the major and minor issues for revamping the supply chain with evidence

Ø  Description of the SAP system, why it was used and the benefits from using the system

Answer. Revamping:-

Q3. Write short notes on:

Ø  Ingredients of a business process

Ø  Acceptance sampling

Ø  Work Breakdown Structure

Ø  Productivity

Answer. a. Ingredients of a business process: - The ingredients that might be used in a business process can be briefly outlined as follows.

Q4. Collaborative Forecasting Running Smoothly at Brooks Sports designs and develops high-performance running footwear, apparel and accessories which are sold in 80 countries worldwide. In 2001, when the company shifted from a broad product line to focus on high-performance products targeted at serious runners, it was clear that the forecasting process needed to change to support the strategic direction of the company. The existing forecasting process, based entirely on the judgment of the sales team, was limiting the company’s ability to grow.

The strategy shift created a number of forecasting challenges for Brooks including:

♦ Inconsistent style growth: the new line of products experience growth rates anywhere from 0 to 50 percent annually.

♦ Long production planning horizon coupled with short product life: production and capacity decisions are typically made 18 months before a style is launched, average lead time for a style is 6 months and the product life of Brooks’ styles range from 6 to 24 months. This means that planners must sometimes set the entire demand plan for a style prior to ever receiving a customer order, underscoring the importance of accurate forecasts.

♦ Increasing “at-once” orders: “at once” orders, which are placed for immediate shipment, historically accounted for less than 20 percent of total sales. Since 2001, however, “at once” orders have increased to nearly 50 percent of total sales.

♦ Evolving size curves: with its new focus on serious runners, the standard footwear size curve would not adequately reflect distribution of sales by sizes.

♦ No exposure to retail sell-through: the high-performance products are sold primarily through independent specialty stores who don’t have the capability to share sales data with vendors.

What is the main issue of the case study? Analyse the forecasting solution.

Ø  Description of the main issue(forecasting process needed to change), forecasting challenges

Ø  Evaluation of the collaborative forecasting process

Ø  Conclusion on whether the solution could be improved or not

Answer. Issues:-

Q5. Explain the risk management and its various components.

Ø  Definition of risk management and what it entails

Ø  Description of the four components of risk management

a.     Risk assessment

b.     Risk control

c.      Risk prioritising

d.     Risk mitigation

Answer. Risk Management

Risks are those events or conditions that may occur and whose occurrence has a harmful or negative impact on a project. Risk management aims to identify the risks and then take actions to minimise

Q6. Why redesign of layouts may be necessary? List the differences between product and process layout.

Ø  Listing of reasons why redesigning of existing layout is required

Ø  Listing of any five differences

Answer. Most Common reasons for redesigns:-

1. Inefficient Operations.

2. Accident or safety hazards.

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