MH0058–Legal Aspects in Healthcare Administration

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Master of Business Administration - MBA Semester 4

MH0058–Legal Aspects in Healthcare Administration-4 Credits

(Book ID: B1322)

Assignment (60 Marks)

Note: Answers for 10 marks questions should be approximately of 400 words. Each question is followed by evaluation scheme. Each Question carries 10 marks 6 X 10=60.

Q1. Define negligence. Explain civil, criminal and contributory negligence in detail.

Answer. Definition of NEGLIGENCE

1. A:  the quality or state of being negligent

B:  failure to exercise the care that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in like circumstances

2:  an act or instance of being negligent

Q2. Discuss Prenatal Diagnostic Technique Act of 1994 in detail.

of pre-natal sex determination leading to female foeticide.

Q3. Discuss the important aspects of Consumer Protection Act.

side and make sure that justice is done to final consumers.

Q4. Explain the code of practice and legal aspects of assisted reproductive techniques.

Answer. Code of Practice - Deals with all aspects of the treatment provided and the research done at registered clinics.

(i)                 Staff: Sufficiently qualified, using proper equipment and keeping & disposing off the genetic material properly. Failure to comply with the mandatory code of practice can lead to his/her removal or suspension of the Clinic's registration.

Q5. Explain the regulatory requirements in setting up and running a blood bank.

Answer. NATIONAL BLOOD POLICY

Government of India published in the year 2002 the National Blood Policy.  The objective of the policy is to provide safe, adequate quantity of blood, blood components and products.  The main aim of the policy is to procure non remunerated regular blood donors by the blood banks.  The policy also addresses various issues with regard to technical personnel, research, and development and to eliminate profiteering by the blood banks by selling blood.  The policy also envisages that fresh licenses to stand alone blood banks in private sector shall not be granted and renewal of such blood banks shall be subjected to thorough scrutiny.

Q6. Define euthanasia. Explain euthanasia in Indian scenario.

Answer. Definition of EUTHANASIA:  the act or practice of killing or permitting the death of hopelessly sick or injured individuals (as persons or domestic animals) in a relatively painless way for reasons of mercy. Also called mercy killing. the act of putting to death painlessly or allowing to die, as by withholding extreme medical measures, a person or animal suffering from an incurable, especially a painful, disease or condition.

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MH0057–Management of Healthcare Human Resources

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Master of Business Administration - MBA Semester 4

MH0057–Management of Healthcare Human Resources-4 Credits

(Book ID: B1321)

Assignment (60 Marks)

Note: Answers for 10 marks questions should be approximately of 400 words. Each question is followed by evaluation scheme. Each Question carries 10 marks 6 X 10=60.

Q1. Discuss management development in healthcare organisations.

Answer. While delivering patient care has always been a primary goal of health care organizations, financial outcomes have long been the metric by which success is measured. Increasingly, however, health care leaders are being held accountable for both medical and financial outcomes. As a result, health care executives and providers must understand the determinants of organizational effectiveness—strategy, finance, operations, and leadership.

Q2. Describe recruitment in healthcare services.

Q3. Explain the objectives of HRM in healthcare.

Answer. The concept of Human Resource Management (HRM)

To begin with, HRM can be accurately termed as a paradigm that is accountable for administration stratagems and actions that effect the relation between employees and organization (Schuler, 2000).

Q4. Define performance appraisal. Describe the components of performance appraisal.

Answer. Performance appraisals sometimes have the reputation of creating tension between a supervisor and subordinate. However, sound and effective performance reviews share common components that make them positive experiences and maximize the benefit of conducting and

Q5. Discuss HR audit process.

Answer. A Human Resources Audit is a comprehensive method (or means) to review current human resources policies, procedures, documentation and systems to identify needs for improvement and enhancement of the HR function as well as to ensure compliance with ever-changing rules and regulations. An Audit involves systematically reviewing all aspects of human resources, usually in a checklist fashion.

Q6. What is collective bargaining? Explain the principles and characteristics of collective bargaining.

Answer. Collective bargaining is a process whereby trade unions, representing workers, and employers through their representatives, treat and negotiate with a view to the conclusion of a collective agreement or renewal thereof or the resolution of disputes.

A collective agreement is usually an agreement in writing between an employer and a union, on behalf of workers employed by the employer. It contains provisions reflecting terms and conditions of employment of the workers, and conferring to them their rights, privileges and responsibilities.

Principles:

1. Collective bargaining process should give due consideration to hear the problems on both sides. This will develop mutual understanding of a problem which is more important for arriving at the solutions.

2. Both the management and union should analyze the alternatives to arrive at the best solution.

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MH0056–Public Relations & Marketing for Healthcare Organizations

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Master of Business Administration - MBA Semester 4

MH0056–Public Relations & Marketing for Healthcare Organizations-4 Credits

(Book ID: B1320)

Assignment (60 Marks)

Note: Answers for 10 marks questions should be approximately of 400 words. Each question is followed by evaluation scheme. Each Question carries 10 marks 6 X 10=60.

Q1. SWOTS analyze the hospital you are in and evaluate the same in the light of hospital service offered, from the customer’s point of view and write a report.

Answer. Strategic planning demands realistic and objective assessment. At least twice each year, use the SWOT analysis to discover key internal and external issues and refresh the strategies and tactics of your marketing plan. Understanding where you are today is fundamental to achieving your future goals. The well-known SWOT analysis appears disarmingly simple. But avoid the temptation do it quickly or casually. Taking this valuable analysis for granted would be downright unfortunate.

Q2. Explain the types of public relations research.

Answer. Many public relations practitioners count communication and strategy as the most valuable skills in their field. But in practice, one cannot put those skills to good use without a foundation of research and information gathering. It’s important to know a client’s needs, target market, and available resources in order to draw up a good PR plan. For example, before submitting a story to a magazine, you have to know its readership and editorial standards to make sure your piece will fit in.

Q3. Define e-marketing. Explain the various components of an e-marketing activity plan.

Q4. Discuss the current scenario of medical tourism in India.

Answer. These days it seems like every country in the world promotes itself as a haven for medical tourism. The reality is that in most cases they offer sub-standard facilities and limited skills/qualifications. India has tens of thousands of skilled physicians and nurse practitioners. Over the last two decades, the economic boom in India has led to the building of medical facilities & infrastructure that rival the very best that western medical care that the west has to offer. Many of the physicians that practice in these hospitals and clinics have returned (to India) from the U.S. and Europe, leaving behind successful practices.

Q5. Describe the future of healthcare marketing.

Answer. Health Care Marketing is a new approach to public health that applies traditional marketing principles and theories alongside science-based strategies to prevention, health promotion and health protection. Health marketing is one of the ways through which advancements in medicine and in health-protecting services like insurance are made widely known.

Q6. Discuss brand building on the internet.

Answer. Everybody needs to get their name out there on the social web. For entrepreneurs, however, it’s an even more critical aspect of the job. A social presence gives you the credibility to attract clients, partners and investors by making yourself available and demonstrating your personality and experience. Building your online brand in a meaningful way is no easy task, and there are many tools available to get you on the right path. Below, we've picked 10 tested methods and highlighted some of the best web tools to help your brand gain momentum in a crowded online marketplace.

1. Media Requests

Being quoted in news articles is an excellent way to demonstrate your authority. It’s a free way to promote yourself and demonstrate thought leadership. There are a few excellent tools out there that

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MH0054–Finance, Economics and Planning in Healthcare

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Master of Business Administration- MBA Semester 3

MH0054–Finance, Economics and Planning in Healthcare-4 Credits

(Book ID: B1215)

Assignment (60 Marks)

Note: Answer all questions must be written within 300 to 400 words each. Each Question carries 10 marks 6 X 10=60

Q1. Give an account of the incentives available to healthcare sector under the Income Tax Act.

Answer. INCENTIVES UNDER THE INCOME TAX ACT, 1967

1. A. OPERATIONAL HEADQUARTERS (OHQ)

An OHQ generally refers to a company that provides support services to its offices correlated companies regionally and globally.

Q2. What do you mean by health economics? Discuss the role of economists in healthcare industry.

Q3. Discuss the importance of financial information in Healthcare Organisations.

Answer.  Importance of financial information in Healthcare Organisations:

Managing the finances of any health care business nowadays is like driving a car with foggy windows. The industry has been changing in big ways since long before the Affordable Care Act took effect. Medicare's coding system for billing and the advent of electronic medical records are examples of these changes. Financial management in health care requires exceptional skill.

Q4. Explain different methods of evaluation of healthcare services.

Answer. Health Care Evaluation: Study design for assessing effectiveness, efficiency and acceptability of services including measures of structure, process, service quality, and outcome of health care.

Steps in designing an evaluation

Firstly it is important to decide which dimensions are to be evaluated? – inputs, process, outputs, outcomes, efficiency etc. Objectives for the evaluation itself should be set (remember SMART) -

Q5. Define cost accounting. Explain the various categories of costs. 

Answer.  Cost Accounting:-

A method of accounting in which all costs incurred in carrying out an activity or accomplishing a purpose are collected, classified, and recorded. This data is then summarized and analyzed to arrive at a selling price, or to determine where savings are possible.

Q6. What is financial reporting? Explain the need for financial reporting.

Answer. Financial reporting involves the disclosure of financial information to management and the public (if the company is publicly traded) about how the company is performing over a specific period of time. Financial reports are usually issued on a quarterly and annual basis. This is different from management reporting, which is financial information that is disclosed to those inside the company to be used to make decisions within the company. Financial reports are included in a public company's annual report.

Financial reporting includes the following:

·         The external financial statements (balance sheet, income statement, statement of cash flows, and statement of  stockholders' equity)

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MH0053–Hospital & Healthcare Information Management

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Master of Business Administration- MBA Semester 3

MH0053–Hospital & Healthcare Information Management-4 Credits

(Book ID: B1214)

Assignment (60 Marks)

Note: Answer all questions must be written within 300 to 400 words each. Each Question carries 10 marks 6 X 10=60

Q1.  Define E-health. Discuss the advantages and challenges of E-health.

Answer. E-health is abbreviated from Electronic-health. E-health basically means use of electronic communication and information technology in the health sector wherein digital form of data is stored and retrieved electronically-for various purposes like clinical, educational and administrative, both in local areas as well as at a distance.

Q2. Explain the objectives of medical audit. Add a note on process of audit.

Answer. Medical audit is the review and evaluation of healthcare procedures and documentation. It is done to compare the quality of care provided with the accepted standards. Audit is conducted after the discharge of patients. An audit includes studying charts of discharged patients and examining the amount of nursing care given to patients, conducting patient interviews and surveys. In addition, a medical committee reviews the professional standards of doctors.

Q3. Discuss clinical information system and administrative information system.

Q4. Explain disaster planning for health information. Add a note on technologies used in health care industry.

Answer. Disaster recovery planning takes on special importance in health care organizations dealing with patients and care delivery. Here are the steps for considering a DRP.

As the health care industry moves toward the adoption of electronic health records (EHRs), the need for solid disaster recovery planning (DRP) becomes more important. This tutorial explains why DRP is especially important for health care data, and provides information for health care CIOs looking to establish or solidify a disaster recovery plan.

Q5. Define risk management. Explain the various steps of risk management.

Answer. Risk Management

Healthcare services are prone to various risks. Risk is an event or situation that could potentially result in any event, or situation that could potentially result in an injury to an individual or financial loss to the healthcare organization. Effectively managing those risks is a major activity in any quality assurance program.

Q6. Discuss the various applications of hospital information system in healthcare services.

Answer. Benefits of hospital information System

·         Easy access to doctor’s data to generate varied records, including classification based on demographic, gender, age, and so on. It is especially beneficial at ambulatory (out-patient) point, hence enhancing continuity of care. As well as, Internet-based access improves the ability to remotely access such data.

·         It helps as a decision support system for the hospital authorities for developing comprehensive health care policies.

·         Efficient and accurate administration of finance, diet of patient, engineering, and distribution of medical aid. It helps to view a broad picture of hospital growth

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MH0052–Hospital Organization, Operations and Planning

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Master of Business Administration- MBA Semester 3

MH0052–Hospital Organization, Operations and Planning-4 Credits

(Book ID: B1213)

Assignment (60 Marks)

Note: Answer all questions must be written within 300 to 400 words each. Each Question carries 10 marks 6 X 10=60

Q1. Discuss the steps in hospital planning.

Answer. Essential steps based on experience.

1. Identify your mission, vision and objectives - Allows for greater clarity on market segment addressed, beds to be commissioned, geography, and technology.

2. Get on board 3 people - One from Finance, One Physician Leader and a CEO. Hire the Right Leaders. Have a primary business plan and draw up the project charter.

Q2.  Define planning, staffing and workflow on CSSD.

Q3. Discuss ward planning in a hospital set up.

Answer. Factors to Consider When Building a Freestanding Ward Planning Emergency Department:-

1. State laws. Before starting the planning process, check existing state laws when considering building a FED. Regulations around FEDs vary by state. For example, Texas permits FEDs to operate without licenses, whereas California indirectly prohibits FED operation due to strict requirements in the Health and Safety Code for emergency facilities.

2. CMS regulations. In an effort to tighten control over facility fees, as part of the plan to lower annual Medicare spending on outpatient care, CMS officials are proposing a new flat rate of $212.90 for all Emergency Department visits in 2014 regardless of the acuity level of the treatments. Depending on the service area's acuity and payer mix, this proposed rule may or may not be favorable for the new FED. 

Q4.  Explain in brief the planning, design and staffing of a billing department in a hospital.

Answer.  The Hospital Billing Process

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the hospital billing process. The billing process includes submitting charges to third-party payers and patients, posting patient transactions, and following-up on outstanding accounts. As discussed in the previous chapter, information collected during the patient visit is utilized to complete the tasks required to bill for services rendered. A review of the purpose of the

Q5. Discuss the essential principles for managing hospital materials. Add a note on process of material management.

Answer: Basic principles of material management Planning:

1. Planning - It is the basic function of management. It deals with chalking out a future course of action & deciding in advance the most appropriate course of actions for achievement of pre-determined goals. According to KOONTZ, “Planning is deciding in advance - what to do, when to do & how to do. It bridges the gap from where we are & where we want to be”.

2. Organizing - It is the process of bringing together physical, financial and human resources and developing productive relationship amongst them for achievement of organizational goals. According to Henry Fayol, “To organize a business is to provide it with everything useful or its functioning i.e. raw material, tools, capital and personnel’s”. To organize a business involves determining & providing human

Q6. Imagine that you are appointed as a consultant for setting up a neonatal ICU in a tertiary care teaching hospital. What are the planning considerations you have to keep in your mind before executing the task?

Answer. An operating theater, also known as an operating theatre, operating room (OR) or operating suite, is a facility within a hospital where surgical operations are carried out in a sterile environment. Historically, the term "operating theatre" referred to a non-sterile, tiered theater or amphitheater in which students and other spectators could watch surgeons perform surgery.

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MH0051–Health Administration

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Master of Business Administration- MBA Semester 3

MH0051–Health Administration-4 Credits

(Book ID: B1212)

Assignment (60 Marks)

Note: Answer all questions must be written within 300 to 400 words each. Each Question carries 10 marks 6 X 10=60

Q1. Explain the management methods and techniques of health planning.

Answer. Management Functions

Q2. Explain the types of epidemiological studies. Add a note on mortality profile of India.

Answer. Epidemiology is the study of diseases in large number of humans or other animals, in particular how, when and where they occur. Epidemiologists endeavor to determine what factors are related with diseases (risk factors), and what factors may protect people or animals against disease (protective factors). The science of epidemiology was first developed to discover and understand possible causes of contagious diseases like smallpox, typhoid and polio among humans. It has expanded to include the study of factors associated with non-transmissible diseases like cancer, and of poisonings caused by environmental agents.

Q3. Discuss the steps in disaster management.

Answer. The number of natural disasters is increasing worldwide due to climatic changes. Still, disasters fascinate people. They bring on feelings of amazement and fear, and provide instances of courage, folly, and tragedy – in a sense, all the aspects of a great drama.

With the tropical climate and unsound land forms, matched with deforestation, unplanned growth proliferation non-engineered constructions which make the disaster-prone areas mere vulnerable, sluggish communication, poor or no budgetary allocation for disaster prevention, developing countries suffer more or less constantly by natural disasters.

Q4. Describe the guidelines of International Health Regulations with regard to ports, airports and ground crossings.

Answer. Importance of regulations at the various points of entry:

Q5. Explain the various government programs for nurturing newborns.

Answer. “10 Steps to Successful Breastfeeding” are the first steps toward gaining international recognition as a Baby-Friendly Hospital:-

Q6. Enumerate the determinants of health.

Answer. Understanding the determinants of health is about looking at how and where people live, work and play and how this affects their health and behaviors.

The social determinants of health are the conditions of daily living that determine a person’s chances of maintaining good health. They are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age (Commission on Social Determinants of Health 2008a). The social determinants of health are sometimes referred to as ‘the causes of the causes’, because it is recognized that health is not simply about behavior or exposure to risk but how social and economic structures shape our health.

Some of the main ‘determinants of health’ include:

·         Where you live: is there clean and safe water and air? Is housing safe and not overcrowded? Is there good sanitation? What are levels of crime like? How safe are roads? Are there jobs with decent working conditions?

·         Genetics: have you inherited greater likelihood of certain illnesses? How do you cope with stress?

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