MB0044-Production and Operation Management

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Master of Business Administration- MBA Semester 2

MB0044-Production and Operation Management-4 Credits

(Book ID: B1627)

Assignment (60 Marks)

Note: Answer all questions within 400 words each. Each Question carries 10 marks 6 X 10=60

Q1. Explain the elements or components of operations strategy.

Answer. The six elements of operations strategy are:-

1. Designing of the production system

2. Facilities for production and services

3. Product or service design and development

4. Technology selection, development, and process development

5. Allocation of resources

6. Focus on facilities planning

1. Designing of the production system: - the designing of the production system involves the selection of the type of product design, processing system, inventory plan for finished goods, etc. The product design has two varieties.

·         Customized product design

·         Standard product design

There are two types of production systems. They are product focused and process focused. Product-focused system is adopted where there is mass production by using a group of machines. For example, products like automobiles, computers, etc.

2. Facilities for production and services: - Certain specialization in production allows the firm to provide the customers with products of lower cost, faster delivery, on-time delivery, high product quality, and flexibility.

3. Product or Service design and development:-

·         Generating the idea

·         Creating the feasibility reports

·         Designing the prototype and testing

·         Preparing a production model

·         Evaluating the economies of scale for production

·         Testing the product in the market

·         Obtaining feedback

·         Creating the final design and starting the production

4. Technology selection and process development: - A product selected for production will be analyses for the process and the applicable technology for optimal production. There are many challenges faced by the operations managers in this decision as the alternatives are many.

The techno-economic analysis for each alternative will help to decide the required technology.

Q2. Answer the following questions:

a. What is location decision sequence?

b. Which general factors influence the plant location decision?

Q3. Write short notes on:

• Pareto analysis

• Acceptance sampling

• Juran’s quality trilogy

• Taguchi’s quality loss function

Q4. Answer the following questions:

a. Define project management.

b. What are the major characteristics of a project mindset?

c. What are the advantages of Gantt chart?

Q5. Answer the following questions:

a. What are the steps involved in developing an aggregate plan?

b. Explain the various types of pure strategies used in aggregate planning.

Q6. Answer the following questions:

a. Explain the classification of scheduling strategies.

b. List the distinctive differences between the scheduling followed for manufacturing and services.

Answer. a. Scheduling strategies

Long-term scheduling

The long-term, or admission scheduler, decides which jobs or processes are to be admitted to the ready queue (in the Main Memory); that is, when an attempt is made to execute a program, its admission to the set of currently executing processes is either authorized or delayed by the long-term scheduler. Thus, this scheduler dictates what processes are to run on a system, and the degree of concurrency to be supported at any one time - i.e.: whether a high or low amount of processes are to be executed concurrently, and how the split between input output intensive and

Medium-term scheduling

Scheduler temporarily removes processes from main memory and places them on secondary memory (such as a disk drive) or vice versa. This is commonly referred to as "swapping out" or "swapping in" (also incorrectly as "paging out" or "paging in").

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MB0049-Project Management

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Master of Business Administration- MBA Semester 2

MB0049-Project Management-4 Credits

(Book ID: B1632)

Assignment (60 Marks)

Note: Answer all questions within 300 to 400 words each. Each Question carries 10 marks 6 X 10=60

Q1. Explain the various phases of the project management life cycle.

Answer. List and describe the various phases of the project management life cycle:-

The Five Steps in the PM Life Cycle

No matter what project it is that you’re preparing for, the project management life cycle can assist you and your team in narrowing the project's focus, keeping it's objectives in order and finishing the project on time, on budget and with a minimum of headaches.

Every project management life cycle contains five steps: Initiation, Planning, Execution, Monitoring/Control and Closure. No one step is more important than the other and each step plays a crucial role in getting your project off the ground, through the race, down the stretch and across the finish line.

1) Initiation:

In this first step you provide an overview of the project in addition to the strategy you plan on using in order to achieve the desired results. During the Initiation phase you’ll appoint a project manager who in turn - based on his or her experience and skills - will select the required team members. And lest you think you need to be a Bill Gates or Donald Trump in order to see your project take on a life of it’s own, fear not: there are some great technological tools available to get you through the Initiation phase of the project management life cycle.

2) Planning:

The all-important second step of any successful project management life cycle is planning and should include a detailed breakdown and assignment of each task of your project from beginning to end. The Planning Phase will also include a risk assessment in addition to defining the criteria needed for the successful completion of each task. In short, the working process is defined, stake holders are identified and reporting frequency and channels explained.

3 & 4) Execution and Control:

Steps Three and Four take you into deeper water. When it comes to the project management cycle, execution and control just may be the most important of the five steps in that it ensures project activities are properly executed and controlled. During the Execution and Control phases, the planned solution is implemented to solve the problem specified in the project's requirements. In product and system development, a design resulting in a specific set of product requirements is created. This convergence is measured by prototypes, testing, and reviews. As the Execution and Control phases progress, groups across the organization become more deeply involved in planning for the final testing, production, and support.

Q2. List the steps involved in each process of project planning.

Q3. Write short notes on the following cost estimating tools and techniques:

• Analogous estimating

• Bottom-up estimating

• Parametric estimating

• Reserve analysis

Q4. Summarize quality control for project quality management.

Answer. Define quality control:

Quality control (QC) is a procedure or set of procedures intended to ensure that a manufactured product or performed service adheres to a defined set of quality criteria or meets the requirements of the client or customer.

QC is similar to, but not identical with, quality assurance (QA). QA is defined as a procedure or set of procedures intended to ensure that a product or service under development (before work is complete, as opposed to afterwards) meets specified requirements. QA is sometimes expressed together with QC as a single expression, quality assurance and control (QA/QC).

Q5. What is purchase cycle? Explain the key steps involved in the purchase cycle of a project.

Q6. Explain the various elements of project control.

Answer. Five Essential Elements of Project Management:

Accomplishing any task, particularly one involving multiple volunteers scattered around the country or world, is always easier when standards are in place. A strong advocate of standardization and project management, the Project Management Institute, Newtown Square, Pennsylvania, is no stranger to the methodologies of standardization and has written the book on project management--literally. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide), published in 2000 by the Project

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MB0048-Operations Research

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Master of Business Administration- MBA Semester 2

MB0048-Operations Research-4 Credits

(Book ID: B1631)

Assignment (60 Marks)

Note: Answer all questions within 300 to 400 words each. Each Question carries 10 marks 6 X 10=60

Q1. What are the features of operations research? What are the limitations of operations research?

Answer. Operations research OR mean to apply scientific and mathematical methods for decision making and problem solving. OR does not provide decisions else it provides quantitative data to the managers. The managers use this data for making decisions.

Features:-

1. Creating a Model: OR first makes a model. A model is a logical representation of a problem. It shows the relationships between the different variables in the problem. It is just like a mathematical formula.

For e.g. Assets - Liabilities = Capital + Accumulated Reserves.

2. Shows Important Variables: OR shows the variables which are important for solving the problem. Many of the variables are uncontrollable.

3. Symbolizes the Model: The OR model, its variables and goals are converted into mathematical symbols. These symbols can be easily identified, and they can be used for calculation.

4. Achieving the Goal: The main goal of OR is to select the best solution for solving the problem.

5. Quantifying the Model: All variables in the OR model are quantified. That is, they are converted into numbers. This is because only quantified data can be put into the model to get results.

6. Using Mathematical Devices: Data is supplemented with mathematical devices to narrow down the margin of error.

7. Use of Computer: The main focus is on decision-making and problem solving. For this purpose computers are widely used.

Q2. a. Explain the graphical method of solving Linear Programming Problem.

b. A furniture manufacturing company plans to make two products: chairs and tables- from its available resources, which consists of 400 board feet of mahogany timber and 450 man-hours of labour. It knows that to make a chair requires 5 board feet and 10 man-hours and yields a profit of Rs.45 while each table uses 20 board feet and 15 man-hours and has a profit of Rs.80.

Formulate the LPP to maximize the profit.

Answer. a). Linear programming (LP, or linear optimization) is a mathematical method for determining a way to achieve the best outcome (such as maximum profit or lowest cost) in a given mathematical model for some list of requirements represented as linear relationships. The procedure for mathematical formulation of a linear programming problem consists of the following major steps:

Q3.  a. List the steps of the Vogel’s Approximation Method (VAM) to find the initial feasible solution.

b. The XYZ manufacturing company has a current transportation schedule which is being questioned by the top management as to whether or not it is optimal. The firm has 3 factories and 5 warehouses. The unit transportation costs (in Rs.), factory capacities, and ware house requirements are given below. Find the initial feasible solution using Vogel’s Approximation Method (VAM).

Warehouse	Factories			Warehouse requirements
	A	B	C
1.	50	40	80	400
2.	80	70	40	400
3.	60	70	60	500
4.	60	60	60	400
5.	30	50	40	800
Factory availability	800	600	1100	2500

Q4. a. What is Integer Programming Problem (IPP).

b. Explain Gomory’s all integer algorithm of an IPP.

Q5. a. Explain Monte Carlo Simulation.

b. A Company produces 150 cars. But the production rate varies with the distribution.

Production Rate	147	148	149	150	151	152	153
Probability	0.05	0.10	0.15	0.20	0.30	0.15	0.05

At present the track will hold 150 cars. Using the following random numbers determine the average number of cars waiting for shipment in the company and average number of empty space in the truck. Random Numbers  82, 54, 50, 96, 85, 34, 30, 02, 64, 47.

Answer. a). Monte Carlo simulation is a computerized mathematical technique that allows people to account for risk in quantitative analysis and decision making. The technique is used by professionals in such widely disparate fields as finance, project management, energy, manufacturing, engineering, research and development, insurance, oil & gas, transportation, and the environment.

Q6. a. Explain the dominance principle in game theory.

b. Describe the Constituents of a Queuing System.

c. Differentiate between PERT and CPM.

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MB0047-Management Information Systems

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Master of Business Administration- MBA Semester 2

MB0047-Management Information Systems-4 Credits

(Book ID: B1968)

Assignment (60 Marks)

Note: Answer all questions within 300 to 400 words each. Each Question carries 10 marks 6 X 10=60

Q1. In today’s life, Individuals rely on information systems, generally Internet-based, for conducting much of their personal lives: for socializing, study, shopping, banking, and entertainment. Information technology refers to anything related to computing technology, such as networking, hardware, software, the Internet, or the people that work with these technologies. How do you differentiate between information system and information technology? Explain using an example.

Answer. Information System

An information system can be defined as set of coordinated network of components, which act together towards producing, distributing and or processing information. An important characteristic of computer-based information systems information is precision, which may not apply to other types.

In any given organization information system can be classified based on the usage of the information. Therefore, information systems in business can be divided into operations support system and management support system. An example of an information system is a pencil and a piece of paper.

The two objects themselves are just tools, but together they create a system for writing (information). The term Information systems have been around a lot longer than the computer, or the term information technology.

Information Technology

Everyday knowingly or unknowingly, everyone is utilizing information technology. It has grown rapidly and covers many areas of our day to day life like movies, mobile phones, the internet, etc.

Information technology can be broadly defined as integration of computer with telecommunication equipment for storing, retrieving, manipulating and storage of data. According to Information Technology Association of America, information technology is defined as “the study, design, development, application, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems.”

Information technology greatly enhances the performance of economy; it provides edge in solving social issues as well as making information system affordable and user friendly.

Information technology has brought big change in our daily life be it education, life at home, work place, communication and even in function of government. IT deals with the technology involved in the systems themselves, e.g.  An information system like wiki.answers.com contains many information technologies.

Servers, server operating systems, web-server software (IIS, Apache, et al), and code written for the web-server software (PHP, C#, VB, PERL, Ruby, et al).

Comparison of Information System and Information Technology

Information system and information technology are similar in many ways but at the same time they are different. Following are some aspects about information system as well as information technology.

Origin: Information systems have been in existence since pre-mechanical era in form of books, drawings, etc. However, the origin of information technology is mostly associated with invention of computers.

Development: Information systems have undergone great deal of evolution, i.e. from manual record keeping to the current cloud storage system. Similarly, information technology is seeing constant changes with evermore faster processor and constantly shrinking size of storage devices.

Business Application: Businesses have been using information systems for example in form of manual books of accounts to modern TALLY. The mode of communication has also gone under big change, for example, from a letter to email. Information technology has helped drive efficiency across organization with improved productivity and precision manufacturing.

Q2. Explain decision making with MIS using Travelling salesman problem.

Q3. How to use information system to support competitive strategy? Explain with an example for each strategy.

Q4. Decision making is a daily activity for any human being. In the decision making process, we choose one course of action from a few possible alternatives. In the process of decision making, we may use many tools, techniques and perceptions. Describe Herbert Simon model on Decision making.

Answer. Herbert Simon made key contributions to enhance our understanding of the decision-making process. He suggested for the first time the decision-making model of human beings. The model consisted of three steps, intelligence, design, and choice. In the intelligence phase, the problem is identified, and information is collected concerning the problem. This can be a long process, as the decision to be made comes from the information. The design phase develops several possible solutions for the problem. Finally, the choice phase chooses the solution.

Q5. Write short notes on

a. Data administration

b. Managing concurrency

c. Reduced data redundancy

d. Recovery from crashes

e. Data access.

Q6. Write short notes on

a. Role of workplace monitoring

b. Power over users.

Answer. a). Employee monitoring is the act of monitoring employee activity. Organizations engage in employee monitoring to track performance, avoid legal liability, protect trade secrets, and address other security concerns. The practice may impact employee satisfaction due to its impact on privacy.

If employees use company computers for their work, companies often utilize Employee monitoring software that allow them to track everything employees do on their computers. For example what emails were received, what applications were used and what keys were pressed.

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MB0046-Marketing Management

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Master of Business Administration- MBA Semester 2

MB0046-Marketing Management-4 Credits

(Book ID: B1629)

Assignment (60 Marks)

Note: Answer all questions within 400 words each. Each Question carries 10 marks 6 X 10=60

Q1. Do you think the argument of some theorists that the traditional Ps are not enough for services marketing? Give suitable examples to prove your point.

Answer. Service marketing constitutes a strategic area, which has propelled growth and success for many organisations. Pure services and products are hypothetical extremes as every product today is associated with some level of service.

The Traditional 4PS

1) Product:  According to Philip Kotler, “A product is anything that can be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use, or consumption that might satisfy a need or want.”

·         products include physical products, services, persons, places, organisations, and ideas.

·         Products have various attributes such as quality, variety, design, brand, packaging, services, and warranties that can be manipulated depending on what the target market wants.

2) Price

·         It is a value that will purchase a specific quantity, weight, or other measure of a product.

·         Price is the only marketing mix variable that can be altered quickly. Price directly influences

3) Place

·         Place mix deals with the physical distribution of products at the right time and right place. For example, a customer usually purchases toiletries from nearby retail stores. he development of marketing strategy as it is a major factor that influences the assessment of value obtained by customers.

·         Distribution channels may also be used in marketing strategy to differentiate a product from its competitors.

·         A company uses distribution channels like retailers, wholesalers, merchants, brokers and value added resellers.

4) Promotion

·         This includes the methods to communicate the features and benefits of the products or services to its target customers. Some common methods include advertising, sales promotion, direct selling, public relations, and direct marketing.

·         Promotion is a key element of marketing programme that is used to favorably influence target customers’ perceptions to facilitate exchange between the marketer and the customer.

Q2. What is sales promotion? Explain any eight tools of sales promotion directed at consumers.

Answer. Sales promotion is generally defined as those marketing activities that provide extra values or incentives to the sales force, the distributors, or the ultimate consumer and can stimulate immediate sales. Sales pro­motion is generally broken into two major categories—consumer-oriented and trade-oriented activities.

Q3. Define Environmental scanning. Explain Delphi technique and Scenario Building technique of Environmental Scanning.

Answer. Environmental scanning

Q4. Personal selling focuses in on ‘personal’ or ‘one to one’ selling. It involves an individual salesman or a sales team establishing and building a profitable relationship with customers over a period of time through a series of steps. Explain the steps in the personal selling process which helps in the successful sales.

Q5. What is buying centre? Explain the seven roles of buying centre and also specify the role of functional departments in the purchase process.

Q6. Describe some of the strategies for effective marketing and advertising in rural market. Also explain the innovative use of media in rural market.

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